中风年轻化！每4人就1位陷危机 「3大坏习惯」惹祸
记者 : 许稚佳
国内中风发生率逐渐增加，且有年轻化趋势。 （示意图／shutterstock 达志影像）
台湾每年新增3至5万名脑中风患者，台湾脑中风学会理事长李俊泰指出，根据统计，过往每6人有1人可能中风，现在则是每4人当中即有1名终生会发生中风危机，发生率逐年增加，是因许多人工作型态长期久坐少运动、工时长，又偏好高油、高盐、高糖食物，让近年中风更有年轻化趋势。
中风近年虽已退居十大死因第4名，但失能仍是一大问题，台湾脑中风病友协会理事长周中兴表示，失能多与中风并发症有关，统计指出，约40%患者于中风半年后会出现肢体痉挛，影响日常生活能力，脑中风后肢体痉挛是常见原因之一，根据统计，中风超过半年后约有4成患者出现肢体痉挛，若不积极介入处理，导致软组织僵硬、退化，关节僵硬、变形与孪缩，恐面临拄拐杖、坐轮椅、卧床等病后人生。
周中兴说明，常见的肢体痉挛包含拳头紧握、手肘弯曲、手腕内弯、肩膀内收等，可能会造成手脚难以活动，吃饭喝水、沐浴如厕都可能有困难，甚至连抓痒都无法办到，除了影响患者生活能力外，也使得照护者负担加重。
台湾脑中风学会名誉理事郑建兴表示，国际与台湾2021年最新治疗指引皆指出，应及早制定完整治疗计画及目标，并采用药物与非药物治疗并行，整体效果更佳，指引高度建议使用肉毒杆菌素注射治疗肢体痉挛，现在健保也已有条件给付，患者及照护者可与医师讨论最合适的治疗计画。
李俊泰指出，中风照护犹如一场马拉松，如果能维持个别的进步目标，像是原本卧床的可下床坐轮椅、坐轮椅可进展到改用助行器等，对个别患者来说就是很大的进步，台湾脑中风学会与台湾脑中风病友协会于今年推出脑中风中长期照护卫教手册，内容涵盖食衣住行、情绪认知等面向的注意事项。
周中兴表示，除了希望提供更多帮助外，也期待透过手册内容，让更多患者、照护者主动向医护人员询问、了解中长期照护的关键，帮助病患恢复日常功能。
Translation
1 in 4 young adults have stroke and in the same crisis! , "3 bad habits" cause trouble
Reporter : Xu Zhijia / https://news.tvbs.com.tw/life/1827469
Taiwan adds 30,000 to 50,000 stroke patients every year. Li Juntai, chairman of the Taiwan Stroke Society, pointed out that according to statistics, 1 in 6 people in the past may have a stroke, but now 1 in 4 people will have a lifetime stroke. The incidence of crises is increasing year by year, because many people work for a long time, do not exercise, work long hours, and prefer high-oil, high-salt, and high-sugar foods, making strokes happening on young adults in recent years.
Although stroke has been relegated to the fourth place among the top ten causes of death in recent years, disability is still a major problem. Zhou Zhongxing, chairman of the Taiwan Stroke Association, said that disability is mostly related to stroke complications. Statistics show that about 40% of patients suffer from stroke. Limb spasm occurs six months after a stroke, which affects the ability of daily living. Limb spasm after stroke is one of the common causes. According to statistics, about 40% of patients with stroke have limb spasm more than half a year later. Degeneration, joint stiffness, deformation and shrinkage, may face life after illness such as crutches, wheelchair, bed rest, etc.
Zhou Zhongxing explained that common limb spasms include fist clenching, elbow bending, wrist inward bending, shoulder adducting, etc., which may make it difficult to move hands and feet, and patients may find difficulty to eat, drink, bathe and go to the toilet, and even scratch their skin. Their inability to do so, in addition to affecting their ability to live, also increases the burden on caregivers.
Zheng Jianxing, honorary director of the Taiwan Stroke Association, said that the latest international and Taiwan treatment guidelines in 2021 both pointed out that a complete treatment plan and goals should be formulated as soon as possible, and drug and non-drug treatments should be used in parallel to achieve better overall results. The guidelines highly recommend the use of meat toxin injections for limb spasms are now covered by health insurance, and patients and caregivers can discuss the most appropriate treatment plan with their physicians.
Li Juntai pointed out that stroke care is like a marathon. If individual progress goals can be maintained, such as being able to get out of bed and sitting in a wheelchair, or using a wheelchair to switch to a walker, it will be a great improvement for individual patients. , The Taiwan Stroke Society and the Taiwan Stroke Patient Association launched this year's Stroke Medium and Long-Term Care Health Education Manual, which covers matters needing attention in terms of food, clothing, housing, transportation, and emotional cognition.
Zhou Zhongxing said that in addition to providing more help, he also hoped that through the content of the manual, more patients and caregivers would take the initiative to ask medical staff to understand the key to medium and long-term care, and help patients restore their daily functions.
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