How far is the virus vaccine from the public? Experts warn again

Reporter : Liu Minghuan / Editor : Wenhui / https://www.ntdtv.com/gb/2020/10/05/a102956273.html / Translation, editing : Gan Yung Chyan, KUCINTA SETIA

Image : Schematic diagram of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research. (pixabay.com)

SARS-CoV-2 (CCP virus) continues to spread around the world, and countries have also invested a lot of money to accelerate the development of vaccines. But some scientists have warned that even if effective vaccines are successfully developed, they will not be able to return to normal life before next spring.

On 4 October, the BBC reported that a research report led by the Royal Society stated that “we need to be realistic about the purpose and timing of vaccine prevention.” The scientists involved in the study said that it may need to gradually relax. Due to social restrictions, it may take a year for the vaccine to be vaccinated on a large scale.

Scientists all over the world are developing more than 200 kinds of CCP virus vaccines at an unprecedented speed.

From British National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, Dr. Fiona Culley said: “Vaccines offer great hope for ending the CCP virus pandemic, but the history of vaccine development is rife with many failures.”

Optimists, including scientific advisers to the British government, believe that some people may be vaccinated this year, and mass vaccination may begin early next year.

However the Royal Society’s report warns that this will be a long process.

The Head of Chemical Engineering at Imperial College London, Professor Nilay Shah, said, "Even if there is a vaccine, it does not mean that all the staff can be vaccinated in one month. We mean 6 months, 9 months or even a year."

According to the report, huge challenges remain in the future. For example, RNA vaccines have never been mass-produced before. RNA refers to the genetic code of the CCP virus. At present, RNA vaccines use RNA to produce viral proteins to trigger an immune response.

In an interview with Hong Kong media, Leung Zhuowei, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, stated that most vaccines under development cannot prevent vaccinators 100% from contracting covid. Its main effect is to reduce the mortality rate or the rate of serious complications. The group of patients or the group of chronic patients.

Charles, Dean of the Department of Immunology, Imperial College London Professor Charles Bangham said: "We simply don’t know when an effective vaccine will be successfully developed and how effective it will be. Of course, when the vaccine is effective, it’s unlikely that we will fully return to normal life. ...In addition, we will have to gradually relax some social restrictions on interventions."

According to Epoch Times, before this, Dong Yuhong, chief scientist of Swiss biotech company SunRegen Healthcare AG and European virology expert, once admitted that RNA virus vaccine development is difficult.

It takes at least 18 months to develop a vaccine. However, the mutation of the virus after 18 months is difficult to prevent. Because RNA viruses mutate faster than DNA viruses, and the S protein of the CCP virus is a highly variable region.

Dong Yuhong explained that the principle of vaccine design is to find a key epitope on the S protein that the virus binds to the human body, and simulate this epitope through the vaccine, hoping that the human immune system can produce antibodies against the vaccine. In the future, antibodies can neutralize viruses that invade the human body so that they no longer infect cells.

However, in addition to the CCP virus that can invade from the ACE2 receptor on the surface of human cells, an article published on the BioRxiv website pointed out that the virus can also bind to the CD147 receptor on the surface of T lymphocytes of the immune system. When receptors such as ACE2 and CD147 may be involved in the infection process, it is more difficult to study the key epitopes that the CCP virus S protein may bind.

Even if a hypothetical epitope is found, Dong Yuhong raises a question, "The immune system is a very complex giant system. People's recognition of it is still being explored. Can an epitope solve this super virus problem? "

Dong Yuhong said bluntly, "The effectiveness and safety of the vaccine are questioned. The possibility of a specific vaccine against this virus to protect the population is almost non-existent."

Recently, a new study showed that the CCP virus has undergone new mutations and is more transmissible. It may be more adaptable, able to bypass obstacles such as masks and hand washing.

On 25 August, Yan Limeng, a former virus and immunology researcher at the Infectious Disease Research Center of the School of Public Health of the University of Hong Kong, said in an online interview with the Bannon's "War Room Pandemic" that it was the CCP that allowed the virus to spread globally. Now the CCP government also tried to show the world their so-called successful vaccine and wanted to take the lead in the world but they deliberately concealed the related risks.

She revealed that the CCP does not have the ability to make vaccines. Many people have experienced serious adverse reactions after being vaccinated with the CCP's domestic vaccine and went to hospitals in Beijing for treatment.