传染病所徐建国院士主持的国家自然基金重大项目研究进展受到国家自然科学基金委的高度评价
《国家自然科学基金委员会简报》2015年第9期（总第475期）刊发了“我国科学家对动物源性微生物研究获得一系列重要发现为应对未来新发突发传染病疫情提供有力科技支撑”的简报。该期简报报道了由中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所徐建国院士主持的国家自然科学基金重大项目“动物源病原体的发现及其对人类致病性研究”的阶段性研究成果。
新发突发传染病对人类健康、经济发展和社会安全的威胁巨大，我国几乎每年都要应对新发突发传染病疫情。研究表明，野生动物携带的微生物可能是潜在的引发人类新发突发传染病的病原体。例如，人们熟悉的引发重症急性呼吸综合征（SARS）、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）、埃博拉病毒病（Ebola Virus Disease）的病毒性病原体与野生哺乳动物蝙蝠携带的病毒最为接近（业界认为蝙蝠是这些病毒的自然宿主）；近年在广东、台湾等地肆虐的登革病毒则来源于蚊子。全面了解野生动物携带微生物谱系不仅是从源头上寻找人类病原体、预警新发突发传染病的关键，而且也是传染病防控的重要科学依据。
2012年，国家自然科学基金委员会前瞻布局“动物源病原体的发现及其对人类致病性研究”重大项目，聚焦“野生动物携带的病原体及其对人类的致病性”这一重大科学问题开展研究。徐建国院士牵头组织我所人兽共患病室张永振研究员、中心病毒病预防控制所梁国栋研究员、中国人民解放军军事医学科学院曹务春研究员、中国科学院武汉病毒研究所石正丽研究员等组成联合研究团队，选择唯一能飞的哺乳动物蝙蝠、数量多分布广的蚊虫、与人类活动关系密切的鼠类、携带病原体类别众多的蜱类和烈性病原体关系密切的热带非人灵长类、高原喜马拉雅旱獭等动物为主要研究对象，遴选有生态学和流行病学代表意义的地域大量采集标本，应用传统病原体分离技术和现代高通量分子生物学技术，研究野生动物和媒介生物携带微生物的种类和分布，以期发现新的微生物。项目实施以来，取得了一系列重要成果。
一、发现大量新病毒，引起国际病毒学界高度关注
病毒数目庞大，遗传物质多样，难以检测，被称为生物学中的“暗物质”。张永振研究员团队，在湖北、浙江、新疆、北京、云南等地采集了大量的节肢动物（如蚊、蝇、蟑螂、蜱、蜘蛛等）、啮齿类动物（如鼠类等）等标本，共发现143种新型病毒。课题组对来自节肢动物的112种全新负链RNA病毒进行的系统进化研究证明，这些新病毒可以划分为5个新科36个新属，这一重大发现以26页的篇幅发表在权威学术杂志《电子期刊-生命科学》（E-LIFE）上。其他相关研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）、《美国公共科学图书馆病原体》（PLOS PATHOGEN）等权威杂志上。为此，《电子期刊-生命科学》（E-LIFE）、《自然微生物学综述》（Nature Review Of Microbiology）等杂志配发了评论文章，引起国际病毒学界的高度关注。
二、对蜱虫携带病原微生物研究方面取得重大进展
曹务春研究员领导的研究团队对蜱虫携带微生物谱系进行了发掘研究，发现我国的优势蜱种携带30余种微生物，其中20余种对人有致病性。值得关注的是他们在国际上首次发现塔拉萨维奇立克次体（Rickettsia tarasevichiae）、瓦莱西亚莱姆病螺旋体（Borrelia valaisiana）、西伯利亚立克次体（Rickettsia sibirica）BJ-90亚种、山羊无形体(Anaplasma capra)能够感染人类并致病，其中山羊无形体由曹务春研究员按国际惯例命名；在我国发现劳氏立克次体（Rickettsia raoultii）、猎户巴贝西虫（Babesia venatoru）、绵羊无形体（Anaplasma ovis）的人间感染病例，这是已知在欧洲感染人类以外的首次发现。这些发现极大丰富了人们对蜱传染人类病原体的认识，具有重要的公共卫生意义。研究结果发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》（NEJM）、《柳叶刀传染病》（ LANCET INFECTIOUD DISEASES）等国际顶级医学杂志上。
国家自然基金委于2015年11月对项目进行了中期评审，与会评审专家对项目开展3年来所取得研究结果给予了高度评价。未来人类病原体大部分为自然疫源性。随着人类活动范围的不断扩大、社会与地理生态环境的不断变化，人类与野生动物、昆虫等媒介动物的接触机会不断增多。这些在自然界长期存在的病原体，一旦突破物种屏障传播到人和家畜，就会造成新发传染病的频繁发生，对人类健康和生命安全带来极大威胁，进而可能造成重大经济损失，甚至影响社会稳定。专家建议，我国从国家战略层面应当更加重视野生动物携带微生物谱系的调查研究，持续加大该领域的资助力度，大力发掘动物源性微生物资源，提出可能出现的新发突发病原体目录，不断提高发现新发传染病病原体的能力，为预警与防控未来新发突发传染病提供坚实的科学储备和技术支撑。
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Updates
British media exposed Shi Zhengli's cooperation plan with the military
Commentator : Tang Jingyuan / Publisher: Fast Foresight Comments / https://www.ntdtv.com/gb/2021/04/27/a103104975.html / Translation, editing : Gan Yung Chyan, KUCINTA SETIA
Just yesterday, documents obtained by the British media, The Mail on Sunday showed that as early as 9 years ago (2012), the Chinese Communist Party’s "National Natural Science Foundation of China" initiated a major project with a very intriguing name, called ""The Discovery of Animal-derived Pathogens and their Pathogenicity to Humans".
This plan claims to be to search for dangerous pathogens from animal sources and conduct research, so as to be able to warn of new emergent infectious diseases in the future. The specific method is to find new viruses and detect and study the biological "dark matter" involved in the spread of viral diseases.
However, The Mail on Sunday questioned the motivation for the establishment of the research team, and what is even more striking is that the project has set up 5 subject leaders, 4 of which are closely related to the outbreak in Wuhan. , This can be said to be a rather strange coincidence.
What is "dark matter" in biology? We all know that more than 95% of the matter in the universe is dark matter that we cannot directly perceive with existing technological means. In the "small universe" of the human body, such "dark matter" also exists, and even viruses are also difficult to perceive. The genetic material that detects and recognizes its function-this is also dark matter, generally refers to the non-coding RNA (ribonucleic acid) of the virus.
This project has set up 5 research groups and appointed 5 persons in charge. They are Shi Zhengli, Zhang Yongzhen, Cao Wuchun, Xu Jianguo and Liang Guodong.
After a simple check, we found that the top 4 of these have played a key role after the outbreak of the Wuhan epidemic. Let's briefly sort it out.
We don’t need to say any more about Shi Zhengli. Everyone is familiar with her. She is the number one suspect in the disaster that the virus may have originated from laboratory leaks. In this dark matter research project, she also specializes in the discovery, isolation and identification of human pathogens carried by bats. including its genetic evolution law and pathogenicity to human body and so on.
Zhang Yongzhen was also a researcher in the zoonotic disease room of the China CDC Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute. In this project, he focused on arthropods (such as mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, spiders, etc.) and rodents (such as rodents, etc.). Viruses were collected from the standard itself, and a total of 143 new viruses were discovered in the past five years.
At the time of the outbreak in Wuhan, Zhang Yongzhen had become a professor at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University and the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University. On January 11, 2020, his team released the obtained full genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (CCP virus, novel coronavirus) on the virological website (virological.org), becoming the first team in the world to publish the sequence of the virus. As a result, his laboratory was forcibly closed the next day.
The third person, Cao Wuchun, is very sensitive because he is a researcher at the Chinese Communist Academy of Military Medical Sciences. In addition to his military status, he also has a more sensitive position. He is also a member of the CCP’s “Expert Committee on Anti-terrorism (Biological) Emergency Response of the Ministry of Health”.
Seeing the four words "biological anti-terrorism", I think anyone with a little common sense will know that this Cao Wuchun is actually a military biological warfare expert.
What is Cao Wuchun doing in this dark material research project? His team focused on the microbial lineage carried by ticks, and the result was the discovery of more than 30 new microbes carried by "dominant tick species", of which more than 20 species are pathogenic to humans.
After the outbreak in Wuhan, Cao Wuchun and Major General Chen Wei, who was promoted as the chief biochemical weapon expert by the Chinese military, were ordered to lead the expert group of the "Military Academy of Sciences" and went straight to Wuhan as soon as possible, and took over the Wuhan Virus Research Institute for virus traceability investigations. , But the survey results have not seen a single word so far.
The fourth sensitive person, Xu Jianguo, is the host of this dark matter research. His identity is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the director of the "Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute" of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. After the outbreak in Wuhan, Xu Jianguo was the leader of the first expert team to enter Wuhan.
As early as 7 January 2019, Xu Jianguo had obtained the entire genome sequence of the virus, but he did not release it to the outside world the first time. On the contrary, he publicly declared to the media on 4 January 2019 that there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission of the virus, and the threat level is limited, and China has accumulated years of experience in infectious disease control, and there will never be the possibility of a major spread due to the Spring Festival. Of course, the facts later proved that this man was a political scholar.
The first key: information that the official does not mention is more important
In these official reports, we saw a strange phenomenon: both the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the sponsor of the project, or the CDC of the Communist Party of China, did not mention anything about the results of Shi Zhengli's subjects. But in fact, from the start of the project in 2012 to the acceptance in January 2018, Shi Zhengli has achieved remarkable results during this period.
Many friends may still have impressions. Last year, The New York Post reported that a master's degree thesis published by a Chinese doctor named Li Xu in his early years showed that in April 2012, Yunnan, China six miners in a mine in Mojiang contracted severe pneumonia after cleaning the bat excrement in the mine, and three of them died quickly.
After the outbreak of the Wuhan epidemic in February 2020, Shi Zhengli published a paper in the journal Nature published the bat coronavirus RaTG13, and said that the whole genome homology with the Chinese Communist virus was 96.2%.
In July, Shi Zhengli tried to clear up her doubts in an interview with "Science" magazine. She confirmed that RaTG13 was a virus extracted from bats in an abandoned Yunnan mine. It had another name at the time, called RaBtCoV/4991.
In addition to this RaTG13, which is considered to be the number one suspect in the source of the CCP virus, a paper published by Wuhan Institute of Virology in the journal Nature on 17 November 2020 confirmed that between 2012 and 2015, Shi Zhengli’s team collected a total of 1,322 samples from Yunnan mine cave bats, from which 293 coronaviruses were detected, of which 284 were classified as alpha coronaviruses, and 9 were classified as beta coronaviruses. The latter were all related to SARS-type coronaviruses.
More importantly, the number one suspect RaTG13 is only one of these nine viruses, and any information on the other eight new coronaviruses have not been published so far.
In many cases, the information reported by the media is not important, and the information that the media avoids publicly mentioning may be more important. Shi Zhengli's team has made such great progress on bats but the report on the acceptance of the project results did not mention a word. Isn't this strange in itself?
Shi Zhengli has made great progress, not only because her team has obtained hundreds of samples of the novel coronavirus, but also because of viruses like RaTG13. The Wuhan Institute of Viology's own papers have admitted that they have carried out complete sequencing in 2018.
For a coronavirus expert at the level of Shi Zhengli, as long ass he sees the sequence of this virus, she can immediately realize that it has an S protein structure that is highly similar to the SARS virus, which means that this virus is likely to have the ability to invade the human body. This is exactly the purpose of the "Dark Matter Research Project", and Shi Zhengli's discovery can be said to be the most important result of the entire research group.
However, this achievement was completely hidden from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to the CDC. It was not until the outbreak of the Wuhan epidemic in 2020, which is 7 years later, that Shi Zhengli announced the existence of the virus for the first time.
This is one of the key points for us to see the news from the British media this time.
The second key: Shi Zhengli's lie was exposed
Another key point is that on 23 March 2021, at a seminar held at Rutgers University in the United States, the WHO Advisory Committee member Jamie Metzl directly asked Shi Zhengli a question , Do you think that the CCP’s secret research at the Wuhan Institute of Viology is correct? Shi Zhengli immediately replied that all their research work is open and transparent. She is the director. Yet, she does not know that this laboratory conducts any such research work.
This statement is undoubtedly a huge lie. Because everyone has seen from the content discussed so far, Shi Zhengli herself and the military personnel had open close cooperation many years ago, and the relevant research results have never been made public.
What is more suspicious is that on 10 January 2021, it was still reported by the British Daily Mail that more than 300 virus-related studies conducted by the Wuhan Institute of Virology and published by the National Natural Science Foundation of China have been published on the Internet. All of them have been deleted, including important research data currently being carried out by Shi Zhengli, including cross-species infection risk studies from bats with coronaviruses, and studies on bats carrying human pathogens, all of which have disappeared.
On 15 January 2020, the US State Department released a report on the activities of the Wuhan Institute of Virology. One of the key contents of the report was to mention the secret military activities of the Wuhan Institute of Virology. There is a sentence in the report, "Although WIV is a civilian organization on the surface, the United States has determined that WIV and the Chinese military have cooperated on publications and secret projects. Since 2017, WIV has been acting on behalf of the Chinese military, for confidential reason, research, including laboratory animal experiments."
The last sentence of "laboratory animal experiments" is basically slipped by many people at a glance, because it is very normal to experiment with animals. But in fact, the animal experiments specifically mentioned here are probably not the kind of experiments that we generally understand.
About 10 years ago, Ron Fouchier, a scientist at Erasmus University in the Netherlands, first proposed a technique called "animal delivery", which aims to allow the virus to pass through animals instead of cell culture to make it mutated.
Simply put, he infected a ferret with avian influenza virus. After it became ill, he took a sample of the virus in his body and found that the virus had mutated slightly. Then he used this sample to infect the second ferret, and then extracted the virus that continued to mutate from the second ferret to infect the third, and so on.
When the virus was transmitted to the 10th ferret, he found that the ferrets that had not had any contact in the nearby cage were infected, which indicated that the virus could be transmitted to each other in the ferrets, and also proved that the laboratory may artificially create a virus that is at risk of pandemic.
At present, many P4 laboratories in the world have conducted this kind of animal delivery experiment, because it enables scientists to develop antiviral drugs but this is a double-edged sword. Scientists with bad intentions may also use this technology to create biological weapons. .
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has funded many such studies since 2009. At that time, it also took a name called PREDICT, which means prediction.
Wuhan Institute of Virology is one of the key laboratories funded by this PREDICT program. Although we cannot see whether the Wuhan Research Institute has records of animal transmission research on coronaviruses, many scientists believe that it is unlikely that the establishment of expensive P4 laboratories will not conduct animal transmission research.
In my opinion, the animal experiment mentioned by the US State Department solemnly is probably not a mouse experiment in the general sense, but refers to an experiment in which the research function of animals is enhanced.
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