“Plaintiff State respectfully submits that the foregoing types of electoral irregularities exceed the hanging-chad saga of the 2000 election in their degree of departure from both state and federal law,” the Supreme Court motion (pdf) states. “Moreover, these flaws cumulatively preclude knowing who legitimately won the 2020 election and threaten to cloud all future elections.”
The lawsuit seeks a determination by the court that the four battleground states conducted the 2020 election in violation of the Constitution. Texas is asking the Supreme Court to prohibit the counting of the Electoral College votes cast by the four states. For the states which have already appointed electors, the lawsuit asks the court to direct the state legislatures to appoint new electors in line with the Constitution.
Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed the challenge on the day of the so-called safe-harbor deadline. The cumulative electoral votes in the four states are enough to determine the outcome of the 2020 election.
“Trust in the integrity of our election processes is sacrosanct and binds our citizenry and the States in this Union together. Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin destroyed that trust and compromised the security and integrity of the 2020 election,” Paxton said in a statement.
“The states violated statutes enacted by their duly elected legislatures, thereby violating the Constitution. By ignoring both state and federal law, these states have not only tainted the integrity of their own citizens’ vote, but of Texas and every other state that held lawful elections,” he added. “Their failure to abide by the rule of law casts a dark shadow of doubt over the outcome of the entire election. We now ask that the Supreme Court step in to correct this egregious error.”
The Trump campaign and third-party groups have pending legal challenges in all of the states, but to date, only a lawsuit brought by Pennsylvania Republicans has escalated to the nation’s highest court. Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito ordered briefs for that case to be submitted by Tuesday morning, signaling that a decision on a temporary restraining order is imminent.
The primary argument by the plaintiff centers on the enactment of election laws, rules, and procedures in the four states which allegedly breached the Constitution’s divestment of the power to appoint electors to state legislatures.
For example, the secretaries of state in Pennsylvania and Georgia “abrogated” state statutes requiring “signature verification for absentee or mail-in ballots,” the lawsuit states.
In Wisconsin, the state’s election commission “and other local officials unconstitutionally modified Wisconsin election laws—each time taking steps that weakened, or did away with, established security procedures” established “to ensure absentee ballot integrity.” The Wisconsin Election Commission, for example, undertook a campaign to set up ballot drop boxes throughout the states, including unmanned ones.
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Texas’ Republican Attorney General Ken Paxton on Tuesday filed an election lawsuit in the U.S. Supreme Court against Pennsylvania, Georgia, Michigan, and Wisconsin, alleging that the states used the pandemic to unlawfully change their election laws and urging the top court to have the election results declared unconstitutional.
Paxton argued in the filing (pdf) that the states used the outbreak of the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) virus as an excuse make non-legislative changes to their election rules “through executive fiat or friendly lawsuits, thereby weakening ballot integrity.”
He is requesting that the U.S. Supreme Court rules to prohibit the counting of the Electoral College votes cast by the four states and for those states that have already appointed electors, he asks the court to direct state legislatures to appoint new electors.
“While investigations into allegations of unlawful votes being counted and fraud continue, even the appearance of fraud in a close election would justify exercising the Court’s discretion to grant the motion,” Paxton argued, and called for the high court to extend the Dec. 14 deadline for certification of Electoral College electors “to allow these investigations to be completed.”
In seeking a determination by the court that the four battleground states conducted the 2020 election in violation of the Constitution, Paxton detailed actions taken by these states to modify election rules.
Pennsylvania
Paxton argues that Pennsylvania’s Secretary of State Kathy Boockvar unilaterally and without legislative approval modified several state statutes requiring signature verification for absentee and mail-in ballots.
After several voter advocacy groups sued Boockvar in August claiming existing signature verification procedures for mail-in voting were unlawful, the Pennsylvania Department of State settled with the plaintiffs, issuing revised guidance stating, “The Pennsylvania Election Code does not authorize the county board of elections to set aside returned absentee or mail-in ballots based solely on signature analysis by the county board of elections.”
Paxton argues this move violated Pennsylvania law and that it “unconstitutionally did away with Pennsylvania’s statutory signature verification requirements.”
These claims mirror those made in an earlier lawsuit against Boockvar ahead of the election, with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruling unanimously to prohibit counties from rejecting a ballot if the voter’s signature on it does not resemble the signature on the voter’s registration form.
Another claim Paxton made in the complaint to the U.S. Supreme Court was that, while Pennsylvania’s state legislature enacted bipartisan election reforms in 2019 that set a deadline for receiving mail-in ballots for 8:00 pm on Election Day, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court later extended that deadline to three days after Election Day.
He also noted in the complaint that, prior to the election, Boockvar sent an email to local election officials urging them to provide opportunities to contact voters to “cure” defective mail-in ballots, which he said violated the state election code.
“This blatant disregard of statutory law renders all mail-in ballots constitutionally tainted and cannot form the basis for appointing or certifying Pennsylvania’s presidential electors to the Electoral College,” Paxton wrote in the complaint.
The Pennsylvania Department of State declined to comment on the suit.
Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro, in a statement on Twitter, denounced Paxton’s complaint: “These continued attacks on our fair and free election system are beyond meritless, beyond reckless—they are a scheme by the President of the United States and some in the Republican party to disregard the will of the people—and name their own victors.”
“These factless, baseless ‘lawsuits’ to stir confusion and doubt in our systems are un-American and we should not allow this circus to continue,” Shapiro said in a separate statement.
Pennsylvania’s certified election results put Democrat Joe Biden ahead of President Donald Trump by over 80,000 votes.
The number of votes affected by the various alleged constitutional violations exceeds this margin, according to Paxton’s complaint.
Georgia
Paxton argues in the Supreme Court filing that Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, unilaterally and without legislative approval, abrogated Georgia’s statute governing the signature verification process for absentee ballots.
The statute prohibits the opening of absentee ballots until after polls open on Election Day, but in April the State Election Board adopted a rule issued by Raffensperger that authorized county election officials to begin processing ballots up to three weeks prior.
Another change Paxton objected to was an agreement Raffensperger entered into in settlement of a lawsuit brought against him by the Georgia Democratic Party, which changed the statutory signature verification requirements. The settlement made it more difficult to reject questionable ballots by requiring a registrar who suspected a defective signature to seek a review by two other registrars, a majority vote to discard the ballot, and additional obstacles like all three registrars having to sign their names on the rejected ballot and write down the reason for its rejection.
Paxton argued this change, which was not ratified by Georgia’s legislature, made it less likely to reject questionable ballots and “materially benefitted” Biden as the former vice president received nearly double the number of absentee ballots than Trump.
Zachary Stieber contributed to this report.
“The effect of this unconstitutional change in Georgia election law, which made it more likely that ballots without matching signatures would be counted, had a material impact on the outcome of the election,” Paxton wrote.
Georgia state Sen. William Ligon, a Republican, told The Epoch Times that the consent order was not approved by the legislature. “That’s contrary to law and the federal Constitution,” he said.
In an emailed statement, Jordan Fuchs with Raffensperger’s office said: “The allegations in the lawsuit are false and irresponsible. Texas alleges that there are 80,000 forged signatures on absentee ballots in Georgia, but they don’t bring forward a single person who this happened to. That’s because it didn’t happen.”
According to certified results, Biden leads Trump in Georgia by over 12,000 votes.
Michigan
Paxton alleges that Michigan’s Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson, unilaterally and without legislative approval, abrogated Michigan election statutes relating to absentee ballot applications and signature verification.
While the Michigan constitution provides for “no excuse” mail-in voting, Benson announced in May that her office would send unsolicited absentee-voter applications by mail to all 7.7 million registered voters, in violation of Michigan Election Law, which does not give the Secretary of State the power to distribute absentee ballot applications, Paxton argued.
Moreover, Michigan law requires that applicants sign an absentee ballot application form, a rule that Paxton argued was violated when Benson launched a program in June that allowed absentee ballots to be requested online, without signature verification.
“These non-legislative modifications to Michigan’s election statutes resulted in a number of constitutionally tainted votes that far exceeds the margin of voters separating the candidates in Michigan,” Paxton contended.
According to Michigan’s certified results, Biden leads Trump by a margin of over 146,000 votes.
The Epoch Times reached out to Benson’s office for comment, but did not receive an immediate reply.
Responding to the complaint, Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel said in a statement: “The motion filed by the Texas Attorney General is a publicity stunt, not a serious legal pleading.”
“The Michigan issues raised in this complaint have already been thoroughly litigated and roundly rejected in both state and federal courts—by judges appointed from both political parties,” she continued, adding that Paxton’s actions “are beneath the dignity of the office of Attorney General and the people of the great state of Texas.”
Wisconsin
In his complaint, Paxton argues that the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) unconstitutionally modified Wisconsin election laws in a way that weakened or entirely removed established safeguards to ensure absentee ballot integrity.
One of these modifications involved the establishment of hundreds of drop boxes to collect absentee ballots, including ones that were unmanned.
“However, the use on any drop box, manned or unmanned, is directly prohibited by Wisconsin statute,” Paxton argued.
He also alleged that the WEC and local election officials encouraged voters to unlawfully declare themselves “indefinitely confined” so that they could, under Wisconsin law, avoid security measures like photo ID requirements and signature verification when applying to vote absentee.
Paxton cited guidance issued by Dane County and Milwaukee County clerks indicating that all voters should mark themselves as “indefinitely confined” due to the pandemic.
Further, he cited a directive issued by WEC to Wisconsin clerks prohibiting removal of voters from the registry for indefinite-confinement status even if voters were no longer “indefinitely confined.”
He also alleged that the WEC issued guidance permitting clerks to add missing addresses from certifications on absentee ballots, in violation of Wisconsin election laws.
Wisconsin Assemblyman Ron Tusler, a Republican, told The Epoch Times this week that the commission guidance went against state law.
“State law says one thing and they’re doing something else,” he said.
Certified results in Wisconsin put Biden ahead of Trump by a margin of over 20,000 votes.
A WEC spokesman told The Epoch Times via email that the commission doesn’t comment on lawsuits.
Paxton argued that the actions he outlined in his complaint “constitute non-legislative changes to State election law by executive-branch State election officials, or by judicial officials” and, as such, votes cast by Electoral College electors pursuant to these actions should not be considered constitutionally valid.
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