Reporter : Sun Zifa
Publisher : China News Service, via ScienceNet
Translation, editing : Gan Yung Chyan
/ KUCINTA SETIA
Image : Llamas' nanobodies can neutralize the covid virus SARS-CoV-2. Photo by Tim Coppens.
Springer Nature's international professional academic journals "Nature-Medical" and "Nature-Structure and Molecular Biology", published on the 13th about the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID- 19, covid) The latest research paper of the epidemic said that the neutralization capacity of the plasma of the recovered patients is very different; two small and stable nanobodies derived from llamas can neutralize the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, covi).
A study published in "Nature-Medicine" by Adam Wheatley, University of Melbourne, Australia, collaborators and colleagues found that the plasma of 41 adult patients with covid in Australia contains a large amount of "spike" against the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, memory B cells (a class of white blood cells that produce antibodies) and circulating follicular helper T cells (cTFH cells, a class of white blood cells that regulate B cell immunity), but these antibodies neutralize and block viral binding The abilities are uneven. The study also found that although all patients with covid have shown multiple features of immune recognition of the covi spike glycoprotein (this protein can promote the virus and cells to merge into the cell), but the plasma neutralization ability of each patient is different and far away.
They believe that the results of these studies indicate that B cells and cTFH cells with specific surface and functional characteristics may not be useful targets for future vaccine research and development, and further large-scale cohort studies are needed to understand the neutralization of cTFH cells and different vaccines. Interactions between antibodies.
According to a paper published in "Nature-Structure and Molecular Biology" by James Naismith and colleagues of the Rosalin Franklin Institute in the United Kingdom, human antibodies have the same heavy and light chains as most mammalian antibodies. Chains, and camelids such as llamas, there is also an antibody variant with only a single heavy chain, also known as Nanobody. Nanobodies are small and stable, and are simple to prepare. Therefore, they are often used to replace traditional antibodies for diagnosis and imaging. Nanobodies are currently being developed as new coronavirus research tools and potential therapeutic drugs.
In the paper, they reported two closely related nanobodies (H11-H4 and H11-D4), which can block the binding of the covi "spike" and ACE2 in cell culture. Both of these nanobodies show the ability to neutralize live neocoronavirus, of which the titers of H11-H4 are particularly high, and the combination with human antibodies can also enhance the neutralizing ability.
The researchers believe that these nanobodies can be used alone or in combination with other antibodies to help passive immunization of severe patients with covid. They also reminded that because camelids-derived antibodies are highly conservative to human-derived antibodies, they may only produce a low immune response in the human body, but they can use well-developed humanization strategies.
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