Reporter : Jia Xiaohong
Publisher : Beijing Daily
Ref : http://www.chinanews.com/jk/2020/05-21/9190515.shtml
Translation, editing : Gan Yung Chyan
/ KUCINTA SETIA
Image : Streptococcus, round shaped chain of bacteria, is involved in various diseases including scarlet fever, sore throat, septicemia, meningitis, newborn infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, erysipelas, erythema nodosum, rhumatoid purpura, Urinary Infection. (Photo By BSIP/UIG Via Getty Images)
On 18 May 2020, at a news conference on the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (covid) epidemic in Beijing, the Xicheng District Health Commission informed the 33 people in a certain unit in the district of the situation of fever. After overnight investigations on these 33 people, covid was ruled out. The clinical diagnosis of 33 patients was based on "bacterial respiratory tract infection". In the detection of multiple pathogens in the respiratory tract, many people were positive for group A hemolytic streptococcus.
How does group A hemolytic streptococcus spread? Is it a new bacteria? Who is easily infected? Today, the Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control gave an authoritative explanation.
Let's focus on the following:
What is group A hemolytic streptococcus?
Answer key: Common pathogenic bacteria like to "settle" in the upper respiratory tract oropharyngeal mucosa epithelium and skin epidermal surface layer
Group A hemolytic streptococcus is a common human pathogen. The only important biological host known at present is humans, and in non-human primates and other mammals, occasional or very rare natural infections may occur. The main colonization sites of group A hemolytic streptococci include the upper respiratory tract oropharyngeal mucosa epithelium and skin epidermal surface layer. Group A hemolytic streptococci have no known meaningful environmental storage.
What are the transmission routes?
Answer key: Droplet transmission and contact transmission can also be spread by sharing cups and tableware with patients
The main transmission routes are droplet transmission and contact transmission. Contact transmission includes touching mucous membranes such as mouth or nose after touching contaminated objects; sharing cups and tableware with patients; and contacting skin ulcers caused by group A streptococci. Sometimes it can also be infected by eating contaminated food.
Who are susceptible?
Answer key: Children in the most common crowded places and places with high incidence of epidemic outbreaks
Children aged 5 to 15 years are the most common; followed by parents of school-age children and other adults who have frequent contact with children. Schools, child care institutions, centralized office premises, nursing homes and other crowded places are the places where group A hemolytic streptococcus cluster epidemic outbreaks are frequent.
What are the clinical manifestations of?
Answer key: Common infections include pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, skin abscess, etc
The incubation period is generally 2-5 days. Common infectious diseases caused by group A hemolytic streptococcus are pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, skin abscess, etc. Repeated infections can secondary to rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, acute glomerulonephritis Immune diseases. Infrequent cases of invasive infections mainly cause sepsis, toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. Mild cases can lead to limb necrosis and amputation, and individual patients can cause death if left untreated.
How to treat?
Answer key : Symptomatic treatment Penicillin cephalosporins are effective
Under the guidance of a physician, symptomatic treatment can be used, and β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporin, are preferred.
How to prevent it?
Answer key : There is no vaccine at present
There is currently no vaccine to prevent. Take the following measures to reduce the risk of infection:
Ventilation and disinfection: It is recommended that rooms and workplaces be ventilated at least 2-3 times a day for at least 30 minutes each time. Keep warm during ventilation. The use of air conditioning and ventilation system should pay attention to disinfection and cleaning.
Hand hygiene: Do hand hygiene, especially after going out, wash your hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds after coughing or sneezing, before and after meals, or when processing food.
Wear masks: Wear masks in confined spaces and places where people gather, especially when you go to the hospital for treatment or contact with other patients.
Pay attention to the cough etiquette: When coughing or sneezing, cover the mouth and nose with a tissue. If there is no tissue, cover it with the upper sleeve or elbow.
The summer weather is hot, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, the propagation speed of pathogenic microorganisms is accelerated, the food is prone to spoilage, and it is prone to bacterial food poisoning and intestinal infections. Therefore, we must pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene during food preparation and food preservation to avoid food poisoning.
Timely medical treatment : Once symptoms such as fever or rash are found, patients should wear masks to go to the hospital in time to avoid going to work or school.
Publisher : Beijing Daily
Ref : http://www.chinanews.com/jk/2020/05-21/9190515.shtml
Translation, editing : Gan Yung Chyan
/ KUCINTA SETIA
Image : Streptococcus, round shaped chain of bacteria, is involved in various diseases including scarlet fever, sore throat, septicemia, meningitis, newborn infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, erysipelas, erythema nodosum, rhumatoid purpura, Urinary Infection. (Photo By BSIP/UIG Via Getty Images)
On 18 May 2020, at a news conference on the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (covid) epidemic in Beijing, the Xicheng District Health Commission informed the 33 people in a certain unit in the district of the situation of fever. After overnight investigations on these 33 people, covid was ruled out. The clinical diagnosis of 33 patients was based on "bacterial respiratory tract infection". In the detection of multiple pathogens in the respiratory tract, many people were positive for group A hemolytic streptococcus.
How does group A hemolytic streptococcus spread? Is it a new bacteria? Who is easily infected? Today, the Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control gave an authoritative explanation.
Let's focus on the following:
What is group A hemolytic streptococcus?
Answer key: Common pathogenic bacteria like to "settle" in the upper respiratory tract oropharyngeal mucosa epithelium and skin epidermal surface layer
Group A hemolytic streptococcus is a common human pathogen. The only important biological host known at present is humans, and in non-human primates and other mammals, occasional or very rare natural infections may occur. The main colonization sites of group A hemolytic streptococci include the upper respiratory tract oropharyngeal mucosa epithelium and skin epidermal surface layer. Group A hemolytic streptococci have no known meaningful environmental storage.
What are the transmission routes?
Answer key: Droplet transmission and contact transmission can also be spread by sharing cups and tableware with patients
The main transmission routes are droplet transmission and contact transmission. Contact transmission includes touching mucous membranes such as mouth or nose after touching contaminated objects; sharing cups and tableware with patients; and contacting skin ulcers caused by group A streptococci. Sometimes it can also be infected by eating contaminated food.
Who are susceptible?
Answer key: Children in the most common crowded places and places with high incidence of epidemic outbreaks
Children aged 5 to 15 years are the most common; followed by parents of school-age children and other adults who have frequent contact with children. Schools, child care institutions, centralized office premises, nursing homes and other crowded places are the places where group A hemolytic streptococcus cluster epidemic outbreaks are frequent.
What are the clinical manifestations of?
Answer key: Common infections include pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, skin abscess, etc
The incubation period is generally 2-5 days. Common infectious diseases caused by group A hemolytic streptococcus are pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, skin abscess, etc. Repeated infections can secondary to rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, acute glomerulonephritis Immune diseases. Infrequent cases of invasive infections mainly cause sepsis, toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. Mild cases can lead to limb necrosis and amputation, and individual patients can cause death if left untreated.
How to treat?
Answer key : Symptomatic treatment Penicillin cephalosporins are effective
Under the guidance of a physician, symptomatic treatment can be used, and β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporin, are preferred.
How to prevent it?
Answer key : There is no vaccine at present
There is currently no vaccine to prevent. Take the following measures to reduce the risk of infection:
Ventilation and disinfection: It is recommended that rooms and workplaces be ventilated at least 2-3 times a day for at least 30 minutes each time. Keep warm during ventilation. The use of air conditioning and ventilation system should pay attention to disinfection and cleaning.
Hand hygiene: Do hand hygiene, especially after going out, wash your hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds after coughing or sneezing, before and after meals, or when processing food.
Wear masks: Wear masks in confined spaces and places where people gather, especially when you go to the hospital for treatment or contact with other patients.
Pay attention to the cough etiquette: When coughing or sneezing, cover the mouth and nose with a tissue. If there is no tissue, cover it with the upper sleeve or elbow.
The summer weather is hot, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, the propagation speed of pathogenic microorganisms is accelerated, the food is prone to spoilage, and it is prone to bacterial food poisoning and intestinal infections. Therefore, we must pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene during food preparation and food preservation to avoid food poisoning.
Timely medical treatment : Once symptoms such as fever or rash are found, patients should wear masks to go to the hospital in time to avoid going to work or school.
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